Effect of eight weeks of endurance and resistance training on serum adiponectin and Insulin resistance index of inactive elderly men

Background and Objective: Adiponectin is one of the adiposaitocines which secret from adipose tissue and is very effective in the pathogenesis of obesity and its associated disorders, especially in elderly people who are at risk for cardiovascular disease. This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of eight weeks of endurance and resistance training on adiponectin level, insulin resistance index in inactive elderly men

Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 24 inactive elderly men were non-randomly divided into interventional and control groups. The combined training included endurance training [with intensity of 60-70% of maximum heart rate reserve] and resistance training [with intensity of 70% one repetition maximum]. The training performed 3 times per week [one hour session] for 8 weeks

Results: The eight weeks of combined training increased the adiponectin level in interventional group compared to the controls [P<0.05]. Insulin and FBS levels, insulin resistance index, and body fat percentage significantly reduced in interventional group compared to the controls [P<0.05]

Conclusion: The eight weeks of combined training increases the adiponectin level and reduces insulin resistance in elderly men

[ effects of an aerobic exercise program on LH, FSH, TST and DHEA levels in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome]

Polycystic ovary syndrome [PCOS] is an endocrine disorder, characterized by anovulation, hirsutism, acne, hyperandrogenism, impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance and obesity. Life style modifications are recommended to prevent and treat obese and over weight women with PCOS. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of aerobic exercise program on concentrations of LH, FSH, TST and DHEA in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Seventeen obese female volunteers who were diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome [age: 15-30 y and BMI=29.35 +/- 2.88 Kg/m2] were selected. An aerobic exercise program was performed for 12-weeks, three sessions week]. Anthropometric characteristics, metabolic and hormonal profiles were measured at base line and after 12-week exercises or [36th session]. Data were analyzed by Paired-Samples T Test [t-student], P values <0.05 being considered significant. After the 12-week exercise program, subjects showed a significant reduction in body weight, body fat percent, waist circumference, luteinizing hormone and an increase in Vo2-peak[P<0/05]; changes however in body mass index, FSH, TST and DHEA were not significant. These results suggest that aerobic exercise training affects some of anthropometric characteristics and metabolic and hormonal profiles and also improves metabolic status and ovulation disorders, including polycystic ovary syndrome

effect of aerobic exercise on serum C - reactive protein and leptin levels in untrained middle-aged women

Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death in the world. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of aerobic exercise on serum inflammatory markers in untrained middle-aged women. Nineteen healthy female middle-aged were selected by convenience sampling method and were randomly divided into two experimental [n=11] and control [n=8] groups. The exercise protocol included aerobic exercise training lasted for 6 months and 3 sessions per week and every session lasted for 60 minutes and with intensity of 55-65 percent of maximum heart rate reserve [MHR]. Blood samples were taken to measure serum leptin and C-Reactive Protein [CRP] before and after aerobic training period. General linear- Repeated measures [GL-RM] was used to comparing of within, Interactive and between means groups. The level of significance was set at P< 0.05. The level of serum leptin in middle-aged women did not change significant. However, the levels of CRP during this period did not change significantly. Six months of aerobic exercise does not induce significant change in serum levels of CRP, while leptin levels reduced in middle-aged women. Regular physical activity probably causes decrease in serum leptin level if body mass index and body fat mass reduce simultaneously

[Changes in pulmonary function and peak oxygen consumption in response to interval aerobic training in sedentary girls]

There is a significant relationship between pulmonary function and general health and mortality. The matching between ventilation and perfusion is an effective factor in pulmonary function. This study investigated the effect of 24 sessions of interval aerobic training on pulmonary volumes and capacities and maximal oxygen consumption in sedentary girl students. In this experimental study with pre- and post-test design, 30 healthy sedentary girl students were selected and randomly allocated to experimental [N = 15] or control [N = 15] groups. The experimental group performed 24 sessions of 45 minute interval aerobic running while the control group had no training program. Before and after the training program, pulmonary volumes and capacities and peak oxygen consumption were evaluated via spirometry tests and Bruce treadmill protocol, respectively. Exercise training resulted in 62% increase in ERV [p = 0.004], 65% increase in PEV [p = 0.03], 35% increase in MVV [p = 0.03], and 23% increase in VO2max [p = 0.001]. Also, training had no significant effect on TV, IRV, FVC, PIV, and FEV1/FVC. In spite of increase in TV, IRV, and FEV1, FVC, PIV, MEF-25%FVC, FMEF-25%-75%FVC, and FEV1/FVC, training had no significant effect on these variables. However, the effect of training on the increase of ERV, PEF, MEF-50%FVC, MEF-75%FVC, MVV and VO2peak was significant [p < 0.05]. Aerobic training in young girls improves capability and coordination of respiratory muscles, especially expiratory muscles, and causes improvement in lung function via increasing some lung volumes and capacities

[ effect of aerobic training and diet on cardiovascular risk factors and blood pressure in overweight and obese women with hypertension]

Most population based studies confirm that hypertension increases an individual's risk of various cardiovascular consequences approximately two or three fold. The purpose of this study was to compare of the effect of aerobic training with diet and diet on cardiovascular risk factors and blood pressure in overweight and obese women with hypertension [stage one]. Twenty-one female volunteers, with stage one hypertension were selected; and after completion of questionnaires, were randomly divided into two groups; a] aerobic training with diet group [n=11] and b] diet group [n=10]. The first group participated in weekly group sessions for instructions on just weight loss [low calorie diet] with exercise. The second group participated in weekly group sessions for instructions on weight loss [low calorie diet]. Blood pressure, anthropometric characteristics, metabolic and hormonal profiles and VO2peak were measured in the first, 8th and 16th sessions. Data were analyzed by GLM-Repeated Measures at a significance level of P<0/05. Both groups showed a significant reduction in weight, BMI, body fat percent, mean arterial and systolic blood pressure and an increase in VO2max. Only the first group [aerobic training with diet group] showed a significant decrease in waist circumference, diastolic blood pressure, cholesterol and an increase in rennin levels. Results indicate the combined program [aerobic training with diet] is more effective in lowering blood pressure and provides cardiovascular improvements in overweight/obese women who have stage one hypertension

[ comparison of bone mineral density and muscle strength of athletic and non-athletic girls on two groups [volleyball and taekwondo]]

The aim of this research was to investigate bone mineral density [BMD], bone mineral content [BMC], muscular strength and anthropometric characterstic in athletic girls [volleybal player and taekwondo groups] and was compared with non athletic girls. 15 girls athletic volleybal player with mean age [20.66 +/- 3.3], mean height [165 +/- 5.52] and mean weight [58.9 +/- 6.08] and 13 taekwondo player girls with mean age [19.69 +/- 2.78], mean height [161 +/- 5.61] and mean weight [56.2 +/- 5.01] and 12 non-athletic girls with mean age [21.5 +/- 1.9], mean height [160 +/- 4.19] and mean weight [52 +/- 6.54] as control were selected voluntraily. Results showed that: 1- There was not significant difference in BMD of three lumbar [L[2], L[3], L[4] ] among athletic and non-athletic groups, although BMD of volleyball players was greater than other groups. 2- mean BMD of femur [wall and neck] was greater in volleybal players but this was not significantly different. 3- Mean muscular strength of hamstring and quadriceps [in concentriic contraction] of both athletic groups was significantly greater than non-athletic group; there was not significant difference between two athletic groups. In general our results showed that athletic groups had greater BMD than non-athletic group, except that taekwondo players had a low BMD at lumbar [L[2], L[3], L[4] ] because ninety percent of bone growth is accomplished during the age of 10 to 20. So teens must be taught to take proper dietary program and have exercise in order to have healthy and strong bones to prevent bone related disease in adolescent